{"id":2248,"date":"2026-10-17T11:05:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-17T09:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/?page_id=2248-old"},"modified":"2026-10-21T14:49:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T12:49:59","slug":"peines-minimales-appliquees-hors-de-france-before-import","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/les-avis\/peines-minimales-appliquees-hors-de-france-before-import\/","title":{"rendered":"Peines minimales appliqu\u00e9es hors de France"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2248\" class=\"elementor elementor-2248\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccaa0c7 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ccaa0c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f26d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78f26d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIChAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\"><span data-subtree=\"aimfl\" data-processed=\"true\">Le concept de <\/span><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">peine minimale obligatoire<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (<em class=\"zhvwWe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">mandatory minimum sentencing<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/em>) existe sous diff\u00e9rentes formes \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/div><div data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIChAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIChAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\">Les approches varient consid\u00e9rablement entre le mod\u00e8le anglo-saxon, souvent tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pressif, et les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;Europe continentale, plus ax\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;individualisation.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div><h3 data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIChAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\">\u00a0<\/h3><h3 class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/h3><h3 class=\"ZLzG0d ncoeY E8xBUb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=S52QBb_z\/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">1. Le mod\u00e8le des \u00c9tats-Unis : La s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 maximale<!--TgQPHd|||[[2,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[351768,null,0]],[],null,1]]--><\/h3><div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIDRAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">Les \u00c9tats-Unis sont les pionniers et les principaux utilisateurs de ces dispositifs \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, introduits massivement dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990 pour lutter contre le trafic de drogue et la criminalit\u00e9 violente. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepetitjuriste.fr\/les-three-strikes-law\/\">1<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div><ul class=\"XSq4R KI3fJ\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIERAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIERAC\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Les <em class=\"zhvwWe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Three-Strikes Laws<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/em> (Lois des trois fautes) :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> En vigueur au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et dans 27 \u00c9tats (comme la Californie), ce m\u00e9canisme impose une peine automatique tr\u00e8s lourde (souvent <strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">25 ans de prison minimum \u00e0 la perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong>) d\u00e8s lors qu&rsquo;une personne est condamn\u00e9e pour la troisi\u00e8me fois pour un d\u00e9lit ou un crime qualifi\u00e9 de grave.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peine_plancher\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepetitjuriste.fr\/les-three-strikes-law\/\">2<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIERAH\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Absence de marge pour le juge :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Contrairement \u00e0 l&rsquo;ancien syst\u00e8me fran\u00e7ais, les peines minimales am\u00e9ricaines sont historiquement tr\u00e8s rigides, ne laissant aucune possibilit\u00e9 au juge d&rsquo;abaisser la peine en fonction des circonstances, ce qui a directement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale record du pays.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/policy-brief\/incarceration-rates-in-an-international-perspective\/\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/lgcl.csl.mpg.de\/attachments\/Frase_2001_Sentencing_in_Germany_and_the_United_States.pdf\">2<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/ul><div class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div><h3 class=\"ZLzG0d ncoeY E8xBUb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=S52QBb_1y\/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">2. Le mod\u00e8le du Commonwealth : Le compromis (Canada, Royaume-Uni, Australie)<!--TgQPHd|||[[2,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[351768,null,0]],[],null,1]]--><\/h3><p class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAAIFxAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">Ces pays partagent une tradition juridique de <em class=\"zhvwWe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">Common Law<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/em> mais appliquent un syst\u00e8me hybride. [<a href=\"https:\/\/ecpmlangues.unistra.fr\/civilization\/justice-systems-us-uk-france-comparison.html\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p0.html\">2<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/p><ul class=\"XSq4R KI3fJ\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIHRAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIHRAC\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Canada :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Le code criminel a compt\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 plus de 40 infractions assorties de peines minimales (notamment pour l&rsquo;usage d&rsquo;armes \u00e0 feu ou le trafic de drogue). Cependant, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a <span data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-wiz-uids=\"S52QBb_2e\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https:\/\/themanitobalawjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/articles\/MLJ_44.5\/445_Moen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQy_kOegYIAAgdEAM\" data-hveid=\"CAAIHRAD\" data-sb=\"\/url?sa=i&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;url=https:\/\/themanitobalawjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/articles\/MLJ_44.5\/445_Moen.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQy_kOegYIAAgdEAM&amp;opi=89978449&amp;cd&amp;psig=AOvVaw36zm-4D5RCwrQbSXSE-plO&amp;ust=1792314272078000\">invalid\u00e9 plusieurs de ces peines planchers<\/a><\/span><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https:\/\/themanitobalawjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/articles\/MLJ_44.5\/445_Moen.pdf&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;Constitutionalizing the Mandatory Minimum Sentence&quot;,&quot;Page 3 A Tale of Two Countries 151 The purpose behind these mandatory minimum sentences was, in part, to increase consistency in sentencing \u2013 a laudable goal as disparate sentences have been a recognized problem since the 1970s. 7 As Professor Hogg starkly noted, \u201c[s]tudies of sentencing practices uniformly show outrageous disparities in the sentences that judges impose in similar cases.\u201d8 Through the imposition of mandatory minimum sentences, Parliament has imposed a floor that sentences cannot go below. Through the imposition of a mandatory minimum, Parliament has provided guidance to the courts as to how it views sentencing precedents and the criminal behaviour offenders engage in. However, many of those mandatory minimum sentences have run afoul of the courts \u2013 which have found that many of the mandatory minimum sentences enacted contravene s. 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which prohibits cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.&quot;,null,&quot;The Manitoba Law Journal&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com\/faviconV2?url\\u003dhttps:\/\/themanitobalawjournal.com\\u0026client\\u003dAIM\\u0026size\\u003d32\\u0026type\\u003dFAVICON\\u0026fallback_opts\\u003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1792227872022195,66795551,2466984097],null,null,null,null,[[0,26]]],null,&quot;bdf740d3-ec2e-4301-9e00-420b476cb179&quot;]]--><\/span>, les jugeant contraires \u00e0 la Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s car constituant des punitions \u00ab\u00a0cruelles et inhabituelles\u00a0\u00bb.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/themanitobalawjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/articles\/MLJ_44.5\/445_Moen.pdf\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peine_plancher\">2<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIHRAI\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Royaume-Uni et Australie :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Des peines minimales obligatoires existent pour les r\u00e9cidivistes (cambriolages, infractions li\u00e9es aux armes). Toutefois, la loi int\u00e8gre presque toujours une <strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">clause de d\u00e9rogation pour \u00ab\u00a0circonstances exceptionnelles\u00a0\u00bb<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong>, redonnant du pouvoir d&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation au juge, un peu comme le syst\u00e8me mis en place en France en 2007.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p0.html\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prisonstudies.org\/news\/new-research-reveals-vast-international-disparities-criminal-sentences?language_content_entity=en-gb\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p9.html\">3<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/ul><div class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div><h3 class=\"ZLzG0d ncoeY E8xBUb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=S52QBb_31\/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">3. Le mod\u00e8le europ\u00e9en continental : Priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;individualisation<!--TgQPHd|||[[2,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[351768,null,0]],[],null,1]]--><\/h3><div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIJRAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">En Europe, la vision de la justice p\u00e9nale est plus largement ax\u00e9e sur la r\u00e9habilitation. Les peines minimales strictes y sont une exception. [<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@Thatoneblackdude_472\/the-legal-cultural-difference-between-the-american-european-criminal-justice-systems-essay-3b2e59829987\">1<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div><ul class=\"XSq4R KI3fJ\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIKxAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\"><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIKxAC\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Allemagne :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Le code p\u00e9nal fixe des peines minimales pour certains crimes graves (ex: un an pour le vol aggrav\u00e9), mais le droit allemand met fortement <span data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-wiz-uids=\"S52QBb_4g\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https:\/\/lgcl.csl.mpg.de\/attachments\/Frase_2001_Sentencing_in_Germany_and_the_United_States.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQy_kOegYIAAgrEAM\" data-hveid=\"CAAIKxAD\" data-sb=\"\/url?sa=i&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;url=https:\/\/lgcl.csl.mpg.de\/attachments\/Frase_2001_Sentencing_in_Germany_and_the_United_States.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQy_kOegYIAAgrEAM&amp;opi=89978449&amp;cd&amp;psig=AOvVaw36zm-4D5RCwrQbSXSE-plO&amp;ust=1792314272078000\">l&rsquo;accent sur les circonstances att\u00e9nuantes<\/a><\/span><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https:\/\/lgcl.csl.mpg.de\/attachments\/Frase_2001_Sentencing_in_Germany_and_the_United_States.pdf&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;sentencing in germany and the united states: comparing \u00e4pfel with ...&quot;,&quot;Page 10 However, as is illustrated by the modest and flexible minimum-sentence provisions described above, German sentencing law places greater emphasis on mitigation and indi- vidualization than on severity and uniformity of sentencing. The harsh mandatory minimum and sentencing guidelines provisions found in many American jurisdic- tions (particularly the federal system) find no counterpart in Germany (or, for that matter, in most other Western nations, see generally Tonry \\u0026 Frase 2001). 4) \u00a7 47(1) StGB limits short custody sentences (those under six months) to \u201cexceptional cases\u201d, and requires the court to give special reasons for any such sentence. When this provision was enacted, in 1969, the number of such sen- tences dropped dramatically, and has remained at reduced levels ever since.&quot;,null,&quot;Max-Planck-Gesellschaft&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/faviconV2?url\\u003dhttps:\/\/lgcl.csl.mpg.de\\u0026client\\u003dAIM\\u0026size\\u003d32\\u0026type\\u003dFAVICON\\u0026fallback_opts\\u003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1792227872022195,66795551,2466984097],null,null,null,null,[[0,40]]],null,&quot;8b9d3883-6eb3-4e1a-9e36-0d3628cc25f4&quot;]]--><\/span>. Les juges ont une grande libert\u00e9 pour descendre sous le seuil si le profil de l&rsquo;accus\u00e9 le justifie.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIKxAE\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Pays-Bas :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Le syst\u00e8me n\u00e9erlandais rejette par principe les peines planchers. Le code p\u00e9nal ne fixe que des peines maximales, laissant le magistrat totalement libre de fixer le curseur, y compris \u00e0 des sanctions symboliques ou alternatives.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAAIKxAF\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Su\u00e8de :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Bien que des seuils minimums soient \u00e9crits dans la loi pour les crimes graves, le droit su\u00e9dois autorise express\u00e9ment les tribunaux \u00e0 <span data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-wiz-uids=\"S52QBb_4q\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"\"><a class=\"H23r4e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p9.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQy_kOegYIAAgrEAY\" data-hveid=\"CAAIKxAG\" data-sb=\"\/url?sa=i&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;url=https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p9.html&amp;ved=2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQy_kOegYIAAgrEAY&amp;opi=89978449&amp;cd&amp;psig=AOvVaw36zm-4D5RCwrQbSXSE-plO&amp;ust=1792314272078000\">prononcer une peine inf\u00e9rieure au minimum l\u00e9gal<\/a><\/span><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p9.html&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[16,null,null,null,[1]]}]],16,null,&quot;Mandatory Sentences of Imprisonment in Common Law ...&quot;,&quot;9. Sentencing in other Nations This report on mandatory sentencing concludes by noting mandatory sentencing laws in other western nations. A comprehensive survey of even a number of representative countries is beyond a single report. However, two observations can be made. First, there is no evidence that other western nations have adopted mandatory sentences of imprisonment as a response to rising crime rates. The mandatory sentences of custody that exist have been part of the sentencing framework for many years, and generally focus on exceptional crimes such as murder. Second, when minimum sentences of imprisonment exist, courts are provided with discretion to sentence below the minimum when mitigating circumstances exist. For example, Swedish criminal law allows courts to sentence below the statutory minimum and to impose less severe punishment than imprisonment when mitigating circumstances are present.&quot;,null,&quot;Department of Justice Canada&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com\/faviconV2?url\\u003dhttps:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\\u0026client\\u003dAIM\\u0026size\\u003d32\\u0026type\\u003dFAVICON\\u0026fallback_opts\\u003dTYPE,SIZE,URL&quot;,[[1792227872022195,66795551,2466984097],null,null,null,null,[[0,42]]],null,&quot;0d139e78-686c-40df-8676-3b460523b555&quot;]]--><\/span> si des facteurs d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s.<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/span> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/csj-sjc\/ccs-ajc\/rr05_10\/p9.html\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/lgcl.csl.mpg.de\/attachments\/Frase_2001_Sentencing_in_Germany_and_the_United_States.pdf\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peine_plancher\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@Thatoneblackdude_472\/the-legal-cultural-difference-between-the-american-european-criminal-justice-systems-essay-3b2e59829987\">4<\/a>]<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/li><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/ul><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3 class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/h3><h3 class=\"ZLzG0d ncoeY E8xBUb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=S52QBb_54\/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">Synth\u00e8se comparative des syst\u00e8mes<!--TgQPHd|||[[2,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[351768,null,0]],[],null,1]]--><\/h3><div role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"aria-level=S52QBb_54\/fLk2Md\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div><div class=\"Fv6NCb\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwizvayN2cCXAxUfOPsDHaEwC5MQ-q4QegYIAAguEAA\" data-hveid=\"CAAILhAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\"><table class=\"NRefec\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sae=\"\"><tbody><tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Pays \/ R\u00e9gion<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/th><th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Flexibilit\u00e9 du juge face au minimum<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/th><th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Cible principale des peines minimales<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/th><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/tr><tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\u00c9tats-Unis<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Tr\u00e8s faible \u00e0 nulle<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (application automatique)<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">R\u00e9cidive g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (<em class=\"zhvwWe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Three Strikes<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/em>), stup\u00e9fiants<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/tr><tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Royaume-Uni \/ Canada<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Mod\u00e9r\u00e9e<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (d\u00e9rogation si circonstances exceptionnelles)<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Armes \u00e0 feu, infractions sexuelles, r\u00e9cidive<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/tr><tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Europe (Allemagne, Su\u00e8de)<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (priorit\u00e9 absolue \u00e0 l&rsquo;individualisation)<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" aria-owns=\"action-menu-parent-container\">Crimes de sang, violences majeures<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><div tabindex=\"0\" data-os-fs=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" data-os-fs=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div><\/td><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/tr><tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Pays-Bas<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Totale<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (aucune peine minimale n&rsquo;existe)<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/td><td class=\"Vk1lqb\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Aucune<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le concept de peine minimale obligatoire (mandatory minimum sentencing) existe sous diff\u00e9rentes formes \u00e0 travers le monde.\u00a0Les approches varient consid\u00e9rablement entre le mod\u00e8le anglo-saxon, souvent tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pressif, et les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;Europe continentale, plus ax\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;individualisation. 1. Le mod\u00e8le des \u00c9tats-Unis : La s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 maximale Les \u00c9tats-Unis sont les pionniers et les principaux utilisateurs de ces dispositifs \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, introduits massivement dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990 pour lutter contre le trafic de drogue et la criminalit\u00e9 violente. [1] Les Three-Strikes Laws (Lois des trois fautes) : En vigueur au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et dans 27 \u00c9tats (comme la Californie), ce m\u00e9canisme impose une peine automatique tr\u00e8s lourde (souvent 25 ans de prison minimum \u00e0 la perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9) d\u00e8s lors qu&rsquo;une personne est condamn\u00e9e pour la troisi\u00e8me fois pour un d\u00e9lit ou un crime qualifi\u00e9 de grave. [1, 2] Absence de marge pour le juge : Contrairement \u00e0 l&rsquo;ancien syst\u00e8me fran\u00e7ais, les peines minimales am\u00e9ricaines sont historiquement tr\u00e8s rigides, ne laissant aucune possibilit\u00e9 au juge d&rsquo;abaisser la peine en fonction des circonstances, ce qui a directement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la surpopulation carc\u00e9rale record du pays. [1, 2] 2. Le mod\u00e8le du Commonwealth : Le compromis (Canada, Royaume-Uni, Australie) Ces pays partagent une tradition juridique de Common Law mais appliquent un syst\u00e8me hybride. [1, 2] Canada : Le code criminel a compt\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 plus de 40 infractions assorties de peines minimales (notamment pour l&rsquo;usage d&rsquo;armes \u00e0 feu ou le trafic de drogue). Cependant, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a invalid\u00e9 plusieurs de ces peines planchers, les jugeant contraires \u00e0 la Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s car constituant des punitions \u00ab\u00a0cruelles et inhabituelles\u00a0\u00bb. [1, 2] Royaume-Uni et Australie : Des peines minimales obligatoires existent pour les r\u00e9cidivistes (cambriolages, infractions li\u00e9es aux armes). Toutefois, la loi int\u00e8gre presque toujours une clause de d\u00e9rogation pour \u00ab\u00a0circonstances exceptionnelles\u00a0\u00bb, redonnant du pouvoir d&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation au juge, un peu comme le syst\u00e8me mis en place en France en 2007. [1, 2, 3] 3. Le mod\u00e8le europ\u00e9en continental : Priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;individualisation En Europe, la vision de la justice p\u00e9nale est plus largement ax\u00e9e sur la r\u00e9habilitation. Les peines minimales strictes y sont une exception. [1] Allemagne : Le code p\u00e9nal fixe des peines minimales pour certains crimes graves (ex: un an pour le vol aggrav\u00e9), mais le droit allemand met fortement l&rsquo;accent sur les circonstances att\u00e9nuantes. Les juges ont une grande libert\u00e9 pour descendre sous le seuil si le profil de l&rsquo;accus\u00e9 le justifie. Pays-Bas : Le syst\u00e8me n\u00e9erlandais rejette par principe les peines planchers. Le code p\u00e9nal ne fixe que des peines maximales, laissant le magistrat totalement libre de fixer le curseur, y compris \u00e0 des sanctions symboliques ou alternatives. Su\u00e8de : Bien que des seuils minimums soient \u00e9crits dans la loi pour les crimes graves, le droit su\u00e9dois autorise express\u00e9ment les tribunaux \u00e0 prononcer une peine inf\u00e9rieure au minimum l\u00e9gal si des facteurs d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s. [1, 2, 3, 4] Synth\u00e8se comparative des syst\u00e8mes Pays \/ R\u00e9gion Flexibilit\u00e9 du juge face au minimum Cible principale des peines minimales \u00c9tats-Unis Tr\u00e8s faible \u00e0 nulle (application automatique) R\u00e9cidive g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Three Strikes), stup\u00e9fiants Royaume-Uni \/ Canada Mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (d\u00e9rogation si circonstances exceptionnelles) Armes \u00e0 feu, infractions sexuelles, r\u00e9cidive Europe (Allemagne, Su\u00e8de) Tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e (priorit\u00e9 absolue \u00e0 l&rsquo;individualisation) Crimes de sang, violences majeures Pays-Bas Totale (aucune peine minimale n&rsquo;existe) Aucune<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2239,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-with-right-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2248","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2248"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2538,"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2248\/revisions\/2538"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lioneletlesautresvictimesdelaroute.fr\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}